Enhancing Web Performance for E-learning Platform using Content Delivery Network (CDN) and Varnish Cache
Abstract
Along with the development of technology, the web has become a very popular platform for providing information services and digital content, especially in education sector. The popularity of web services such as e-learning is directly proportional to the increasing number of users. The increase in the number of users is often a problem because it can lead to decreased web performance and potential downtime. To overcome this problem, this study proposes Content Delivery Network (CDN) and Varnish Cache as solutions. Web performance evaluation was carried out in a campus internal network using Apache JMeter with a load of 1,000 users. Based on the evaluation, there was a 175.5% increase in throughput, from 51.9 to 142.9 requests per second. In terms of response time, it improved by 54.3%, decreasing from 16,476 ms to 7,526 ms. Additionally, latency was reduced by 82.4%, from 3,555.8 ms to 624.8 ms. The error rate also decreased from 31.4% to 17.2%. These results indicate that CDN implementation can effectively improve web server performance and provide an optimal user experience, especially under high load conditions.
Downloads
References
H. Yang, H. Pan, and L. Ma, “A Review on Software Defined Content Delivery Network: A Novel Combination of CDN and SDN,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 43822–43843, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3267737.
M. Ghaznavi et al., “Content Delivery Network Security: A Survey,” IEEE Commun. Surveys Tuts., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 2166–2190, 2021, doi: 10.1109/COMST.2021.3093492.
S. R. Chanthati, “Website Visitor Analysis & Branding Quality Measurement Using Artificial Intelligence,” Am. J. Educ. Technol., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 88–101, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.54536/ajet.v3i3.3212.
M. N. Y. Utomo, A. Bastian, and A. Winursito, “Improving Speed Performance of Select Random Query in SQL Database,” INTEK: J. Penelit., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 26–31, 2020, doi: 10.31963/intek.v7i1.1536.
A. R. Ahmad et al., “A Systematic Review of Web-Based Learning in Enhancing Visualization Skill,” J. Adv. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 119–142, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.37934/araset.50.2.119142.
R. Hanafi, A. Haq, and N. Agustin, “Comparison of Web Page Rendering Methods Based on Next.js Framework Using Page Loading Time Test,” Teknika, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 102–108, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.34148/teknika.v13i1.769.
A. Gopalakrishna, “SEO-Oriented Web Applications: A Comprehensive Guide,” Int. J. Comput. Eng. Technol., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 814–828, 2024, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.13472461.
A. Bogdan and I. Malavolta, “An Empirical Study on the Impact of CSS Prefixes on the Energy Consumption and Performance of Mobile Web Apps,” in Proc. IEEE/ACM 11th Int. Conf. Mobile Softw. Eng. Syst. (MOBILESoft), Apr. 2024, pp. 12–21, doi: 10.1145/3647632.3647989.
T. Khan Mohd et al., “Comparative Analysis on Various CSS and JavaScript Frameworks,” J. Softw., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 282–291, 2022, doi: 10.17706/jsw.17.282-291.
B. Wollmer et al., “The Case for Cross-entity Delta Encoding in Web Compression (Extended),” J. Web Eng., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 131–146, 2023, doi: 10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2217.
M. Trevisan et al., “Measuring HTTP/3: Adoption and performance,” in Proc. 19th Mediterranean Commun. Comput. Netw. Conf. (MedComNet), 2021, doi: 10.1109/MEDCOMNET52149.2021.9501274.
D. A. Shafiq, N. Z. Jhanjhi, and A. Abdullah, “Load balancing techniques in cloud computing environment: A review,” J. King Saud Univ. - Comput. Inf. Sci., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1727–1751, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.02.007.
N. Singh et al., “Load balancing and service discovery using Docker Swarm for microservice based big data applications,” J. Cloud Comput., vol. 12, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s13677-022-00358-7.
B. Gupta, P. Mittal, and T. Mufti, “A Review on Amazon Web Service (AWS), Microsoft Azure & Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Services,” in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. ICT Digit., Smart, Sustain. Dev. (ICIDSSD), Mar. 2021, doi: 10.4108/eai.27-2-2020.2303255.
M. Gupta and A. Garg, “Optimizing and load balancing for flash crowd to improve quality of service in content delivery network,” Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng., vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 2568–2574, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.35940/ijitee.K1868.0981119.
L. Gao and X. Zhu, “ICN-Based Enhanced Content Delivery for CDN,” Future Internet, vol. 15, no. 12, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.3390/fi15120390.
V. Sathiyamoorthi et al., “An intelligent web caching system for improving the performance of a web-based information retrieval system,” Int. J. Semant. Web Inf. Syst., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 26–44, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.4018/IJSWIS.2020100102.
M. T. Sultan and H. El Sayed, “QoE-Aware Analysis and Management of Multimedia Services in 5G and Beyond Heterogeneous Networks,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 77679–77688, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3298556.
M. Taha and A. Ali, “Redirection and Protocol Mechanisms in Content Delivery Network-Edge Servers for Adaptive Video Streaming,” Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 9, May 2023, doi: 10.3390/app13095386.
J. Murillo et al., “CDN-Shifter: Leveraging Spatial Workload Shifting to Decarbonize Content Delivery Networks,” in Proc. ACM Symp. Cloud Comput., Nov. 2024, pp. 505–521, doi: 10.1145/3698038.3698516.
A. S. George and A. S. H. George, “The Evolution of Content Delivery Network: How it Enhances Video Services, Streaming, Games, e-commerce, and Advertising,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Electr. Electron. Instrum. Eng., vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 2395–2402, 2021, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6788660.
A. David et al., “Scalability through Distributed Deployment for Moodle Learning Management System,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 213, pp. 34–41, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2022.11.145.
C. B. Mpungose and S. B. Khoza, “Postgraduate Students’ Experiences on the Use of Moodle and Canvas Learning Management System,” Technol. Knowl. Learn., vol. 27, no. 1, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10758-020-09475-1.
N. Savani, “The Future of Web Development: An In-depth Analysis of Micro-Frontend Approaches,” Int. J. Comput. Trends Technol., vol. 71, pp. 65–69, 2023, doi: 10.14445/22312803/IJCTT-V71I11P109.
M. N. Y. Utomo, “Sistem Manajemen Konferensi Ilmiah Berbasis Web Menggunakan Metode Pengembangan Waterfall,” J. Tek. Elekterika, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1, 2022, doi: 10.31963/elekterika.v6i1.2751.
M. N. Y. Utomo, M. Sudaryanto, and K. Saddhono, “Tools and Strategy for Distance Learning to Respond COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia,” Ingénierie des Systèmes d’Information, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 383–390, 2020, doi: 10.18280/isi.250314.
A. Anwyl-Irvine et al., “Realistic precision and accuracy of online experiment platforms, web browsers, and devices,” Behav. Res. Methods, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1407–1425, 2021, doi: 10.3758/s13428-020-01501-5.
A. Mubariz et al., “Perancangan Back-End Server Menggunakan Arsitektur Rest dan Platform Node.JS (Studi Kasus: Sistem Pendaftaran Ujian Masuk Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang),” in Seminar Nas. Tek. Elektro dan Informatika (SNTEI), 2020, pp. 72–77.
M. N. Y. Utomo, I. Irmawati, and R. Nur, “Pengembangan Sistem Survei Tracer Study Berbasis Web Menggunakan Arsitektur Model View Controller (MVC),” Inspir.: J. Teknol. Inf. dan Komun., vol. 11, no. 2, p. 166, 2021, doi: 10.35585/inspir.v11i2.2633.
A. C. Barus et al., “Performance Testing and Optimization of DiTenun Website,” J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol. Educ., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 45–54, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.35877/454ri.asci841.
M. Liu and D. Yu, “Towards intelligent E-learning systems,” Educ. Inf. Technol., vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 7845–7876, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s10639-022-11479-6.
A. E. Khedr, A. M. Idrees, and R. Salem, “Enhancing the e-learning system based on a novel tasks’ classification load-balancing algorithm,” PeerJ Comput. Sci., 2021, doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.669.
C. N. Akpen et al., “Impact of online learning on student’s performance and engagement: a systematic review,” Discov. Educ., vol. 3, no. 1, p. 205, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s44217-024-00253-0.
Abstract views: 123 times
Download PDF: 74 times
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Information Systems and Informatics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- I certify that I have read, understand and agreed to the Journal of Information Systems and Informatics (Journal-ISI) submission guidelines, policies and submission declaration. Submission already using the provided template.
- I certify that all authors have approved the publication of this and there is no conflict of interest.
- I confirm that the manuscript is the authors' original work and the manuscript has not received prior publication and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere and has not been previously published.
- I confirm that all authors listed on the title page have contributed significantly to the work, have read the manuscript, attest to the validity and legitimacy of the data and its interpretation, and agree to its submission.
- I confirm that the paper now submitted is not copied or plagiarized version of some other published work.
- I declare that I shall not submit the paper for publication in any other Journal or Magazine till the decision is made by journal editors.
- If the paper is finally accepted by the journal for publication, I confirm that I will either publish the paper immediately or withdraw it according to withdrawal policies
- I Agree that the paper published by this journal, I transfer copyright or assign exclusive rights to the publisher (including commercial rights)
_1.png){kind=logo}
