Low-Cost LoRaWAN Solution for Groundwater Monitoring in Peatlands
Abstract
Some efforts made in restoring peatlands include moisture restoration, replanting, hydrological restoration, monitoring, and evaluation using technology to obtain periodic condition data. The implementation of the Water Level Logger (WLL) for monitoring groundwater levels in peatlands still faces issues because the sensor installation points are not served by cellular communication networks for data transmission. This research aims to implement a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) as a low-cost infrastructure used in applications for monitoring water levels in peatland. The method in this research is an approach to develop LoRaWAN gateway devices and servers using ChirpStack, equipped up to the application layer as supporting infrastructure for self-hosted groundwater level monitoring tools integrated with a time-series database and displaying measurement data on a dashboard periodically. Based on the tests, the average measurement of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) obtained at the farthest distance of 3 km was -116 dBm, where the RSSI value also decreased with each additional distance, and the Line-of-Sight (LOS) condition significantly affected the RSSI value. This research shows that a real-time peat groundwater monitoring system has been successfully built at a low cost using self-hosted LoRaWAN gateways and servers, while maintaining reliability.
Downloads
References
M. Warren, K. Hergoualc’h, J. B. Kauffman, D. Murdiyarso, and R. Kolka, "An appraisal of Indonesia’s immense peat carbon stock using national peatland maps: uncertainties and potential losses from conversion," Carbon Balance Manag., vol. 12, no. 1, p. 12, Dec. 2017.
M. G. De Campos, L. G. De Almeida, L. E. M. Matheus, and J. F. Borin, "On the Simulation of LoRaWAN Networks: A Focus on Reproducible Parameter Configuration," Comput. Netw. Commun., Jun. 2024.
S. Usman, D. Darmanto, and F. Rozie, "Desain dan Implementasi Jaringan Sensor Nirkabel berbasis IoT dengan komunikasi LoRa untuk Sistem Monitoring Kualitas Daya dan Energi Listrik," Smart Comp. J. Orang Pint. Komput., vol. 12, no. 1, Jan. 2023.
V. Bonilla, B. Campoverde, and S. G. Yoo, "A Systematic Literature Review of LoRaWAN: Sensors and Applications," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 20, p. 8440, Oct. 2023.
D. Bankov, E. Khorov, and A. Lyakhov, "On the Limits of LoRaWAN Channel Access," in 2016 International Conference on Engineering and Telecommunication (EnT), Moscow, Russia: IEEE, Nov. 2016, pp. 10–14.
M. F. Falah et al., "Comparison of cloud computing providers for development of big data and internet of things application," Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 22, no. 3, p. 1723, Jun. 2021.
F. Delgado-Ferro, J. Navarro-Ortiz, N. Chinchilla-Romero, and J. J. Ramos-Munoz, "A LoRaWAN Architecture for Communications in Areas without Coverage: Design and Pilot Trials," Electronics, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 804, Mar. 2022.
S. Usman and Muh. Anhar, "Condition Monitoring for Induction Motor using Wireless Vibration Monitoring System," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science 2023 (iCAST-ES 2023), vol. 230, M. U. H. Al Rasyid and M. R. Mufid, Eds., in Advances in Engineering Research, vol. 230, Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2024, pp. 1151–1162.
O. Alfandi, M. Hasan, and Z. Balbahaith, "Assessment and Hardening of IoT Development Boards," in Wired/Wireless Internet Communications, vol. 11618, M. Di Felice, E. Natalizio, R. Bruno, and A. Kassler, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11618, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 27–39.
M. Saban et al., "A Smart Agricultural System Based on PLC and a Cloud Computing Web Application Using LoRa and LoRaWan," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 5, p. 2725, Mar. 2023.
M. M. Ahmadpanah, M. Balliu, D. Hedin, L. E. Olsson, and A. Sabelfeld, "Securing Node-RED Applications," in Protocols, Strands, and Logic, vol. 13066, D. Dougherty, J. Meseguer, S. A. Mödersheim, and P. Rowe, Eds., in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 13066, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021, pp. 1–21.


Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Information Systems and Informatics

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- I certify that I have read, understand and agreed to the Journal of Information Systems and Informatics (Journal-ISI) submission guidelines, policies and submission declaration. Submission already using the provided template.
- I certify that all authors have approved the publication of this and there is no conflict of interest.
- I confirm that the manuscript is the authors' original work and the manuscript has not received prior publication and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere and has not been previously published.
- I confirm that all authors listed on the title page have contributed significantly to the work, have read the manuscript, attest to the validity and legitimacy of the data and its interpretation, and agree to its submission.
- I confirm that the paper now submitted is not copied or plagiarized version of some other published work.
- I declare that I shall not submit the paper for publication in any other Journal or Magazine till the decision is made by journal editors.
- If the paper is finally accepted by the journal for publication, I confirm that I will either publish the paper immediately or withdraw it according to withdrawal policies
- I Agree that the paper published by this journal, I transfer copyright or assign exclusive rights to the publisher (including commercial rights)