Black Box Testing of Futsal Field Rental Information Systems Using Automated Testing Method

A pivotal aspect of software development is testing, which serves as the final phase preceding the release of a software or information system. The realm of software testing encompasses a diverse array of methods, and within the scope of this investigation, the focus is on black box testing. In pursuit of this objective, the study leverages the capabilities of the Katalon Studio for Automated Testing. Its application is directed towards evaluating the functionality of an information system dedicated to the rental of futsal fields in the city of Singkawang. The essence of this examination lies in affirming the integrity of each feature and menu that constitutes the futsal field rental information system. This validation process is integral to ensuring that the system aligns seamlessly with the requisites of its users. The culmination of these testing endeavors culminates in the confirmation that the information system harmoniously resonates with user expectations. Consequently, it stands primed for implementation and subsequent release, signifying the attainment of a pivotal milestone in its development journey.


INTRODUCTION
At its core, an information system is a meticulously crafted convergence of technology, sociocultural dynamics, and organizational structures, strategically designed to capture, process, retain, and disseminate information [1]- [3].This information, in essence, constitutes a web of interconnected data points whose value and utility come to the fore when the relationships between these data points are deciphered [4], [5].The acquisition of substantial and pertinent information has the potential to bestow individuals with knowledge, thus enabling their empowerment.The focal point of this study revolves around the progressive development of an information system tailored specifically for managing the rental operations of a futsal field located in Singkawang City.The architectural blueprint of this information system has been meticulously delineated.
The developmental approach embraced in creating this system adheres to the principles of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), also known as the system development lifecycle.SDLC serves as a comprehensive framework encompassing methodologies, models, and processes that underlie the creation, Fauzan Asrin | 929 enhancement, and maintenance of various systems [6], [7].Within the SDLC framework, several models have gained prominence, including the well-known waterfall model, rapid analysis development, and prototyping, among others [8], [9].A cornerstone of each SDLC model is the scrupulous consideration given to the testing phase-a pivotal juncture within the broader system development lifecycle.This phase is critical in ensuring the reliability and robustness of applications or information systems before they are introduced into real-world contexts [10], [11].
However, this inquiry is marked by a predicament: despite the completion of the information system, its deployment has yet to take place.As a result, the potential merits, limitations, and benefits for end-users remain uncharted.In response, a rigorous assessment of the system's functionality becomes paramount.Consequently, prior to the official launch of the futsal field leasing information system in Singkawang City, a meticulous examination of the system's features becomes an imperative endeavor.This evaluation seeks to validate the seamless execution of each programmed feature and menu as envisioned during the system's design phase.
To undertake this evaluation, the methodology of choice is the black box approach, which meticulously focuses on the functional dimensions of the information system.The assessment is facilitated by leveraging the capabilities of the Katalon Studio software, chosen for its ability to reveal the alignment of designed features with user expectations.Unlike previous research that relied solely on the equivalence partition technique, this approach broadens the evaluation by integrating Katalon Studio software.Black box testing, as a means of evaluating software, zeroes in on the software's functional prerequisites.It provides software developers with a systematic mechanism to formulate input conditions that thoroughly exercise all functional facets of the program [12]- [14].Through this methodical examination of input conditions, black box testing ensures the comprehensive validation of the program's functional specifications.
Black box testing is a method employed to detect errors across a diverse array of categories [15], [16].These encompass, firstly, improper or missing functionalities, where the system fails to execute expected functions.Secondly, interface errors are identified, highlighting discrepancies in the interactions between different components.Thirdly, errors related to data structures or external database interactions are brought to light, encompassing problems with data organization and retrieval.Furthermore, the testing methodology identifies errors in terms of performance or behavioral anomalies, indicating deviations from expected system responses.Lastly, the testing process scrutinizes initialization and termination phases for potential faults, ensuring that these critical procedures function as intended.This approach to testing uncovers these categories of errors, making visible instances such as missing or inaccurately executed functions, interface  [17].In the context of this study, the Equivalence Partitions technique has been applied.This technique revolves around validating the functions performed or inputs provided within the application, followed by an observation of the corresponding outputs or responses to ensure their alignment with the anticipated outcomes.The flow of this research is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Research Procedure
The schematic in Figure 1 outlines the sequential progression of this research across four distinct stages.The initial phase involves the formulation of a comprehensive test scenario, which sets the foundation for the subsequent steps.Following the scenario design, the creation of meticulous test cases ensues, ensuring a systematic and comprehensive coverage of various aspects.With the test cases established, the subsequent stage pertains to their actual execution and rigorous examination, gauging the behavior and performance of the system.The conclusive phase encapsulates the culmination of these stages, presenting a comprehensive and insightful summary of the garnered test results.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Derived from the comprehensive results and subsequent discussion, the study advances through a sequence of four distinct processes.It commences with the

1) User login page
Illustrating the testing scope, we consider the user login page as an exemplar.The interface for this page, depicted in Figure 2, exemplifies the login interface shared across user categories, although their access privileges may vary.Specifically, the Admin login page features a form intended for users with administrative credentials before they gain entry to the primary interface.Within this form, the user is prompted to input their username or email alongside the corresponding password as part of the authentication process.

2) Venue data management
Offering a concrete illustration of the testing spectrum, we turn our attention to the venue data manager page, notably exemplified by the Venue Detail Page Interface depicted in Figure 3. Within this context, the admin is afforded the opportunity to access and review an array of venue-specific details.These encompass essential information such as operational hours, a descriptive overview, address specifics, available facilities, geographical coordinates retrieved from Google Maps integration, and an aggregation of user reviews.) Field booking process testing Offering a tangible example of the testing endeavor, our focus shifts to the field booking process testing page, which notably encompasses the field booking process itself.Within the framework of payment confirmation, the tenant is presented with a comprehensive interface.Here, the tenant is prompted to input detailed particulars, encompassing their name, email address, booking title, and any relevant notes.Furthermore, the interface furnishes the tenant with a snapshot of payment specifics, including the payment type and the comprehensive rental details, spanning the field's name, the chosen rental duration, and the resulting total payment amount.Subsequently, if deemed appropriate, the tenant has the option to initiate the payment confirmation by clicking the designated button.A visual representation of this pivotal payment confirmation interface is succinctly captured in Figure 7.Following the assessment of payment confirmation outcomes, the administrative user undertakes a crucial step.Based on the accuracy of the provided transfer evidence, the admin proceeds to modify the rental status.If the transfer proof is validated, the rental status is promptly updated to "Paid."Conversely, if the provided transfer proof is deemed incorrect, the admin adjusts the rental status to "Cancel."This pivotal process within the realm of field rental payment confirmation is exemplified in Figure 8, encapsulating the interface that facilitates these essential steps.    1 above is a test for accessing information systems Rent Futsal Field in Singkawang City with an accepted conclusion.Evidence of testing on a katalon studio can be seen in Figure 10.

Figure 10. Site access test case results
Figure 10, from the test results using the Katalon Studio, accessing the system site gets status passes, which means it is acceptable and as expected.2 above shows the admin login page, the function tested is the admin login process, namely from a user who has access rights as admin.The results can be seen in table 2. Evidence of testing on the catalon workshop can be seen in Figure 11.

Figure 11. Admin login page test case results
Figure11, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the admin login page gets a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in table 3 below.

Accepted
On Table 3, the function tested is the manager login process, namely from a user who has access rights as manager.The results can be seen in table 3. Evidence of testing on a katalon studio can be seen in Figure 12.

Figure 12. Manager login page test case results
Figure 12, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the manager login page gets a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in  4, the function tested is the tenant login process, namely from a user who has access rights as tenant.The results can be seen in table 4. Evidence of testing on a katalon studio can be seen in Figure 13.The added venue appears on the venue list and there is a notification that the venue has been successfully added Accepted Table 5 above the application can add venues.evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure 14.

Figure 14. Venue Addition page test case results
Figure 14, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the page for adding venues for managers gets a pass status, which means that it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table The replaced data appears on the venue detail page and there is a notification that the venue data has been successfully edited Accepted Table 6 above the application can change venues.evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure 15.

Figure 15. Venue change test case results
Figure 15, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the venue change page for the manager gets a pass status, which means that it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table 7 7 the application can remove the place.evidenced in the studio catalon in Figure 16.

Figure 16. Venue data wipe test case results
Figure 16, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the venue manager's deletion page received a pass status, which means it was acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table 8.  8 above the application can add operational hours.evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure 17.

Figure 17. The result of the addition of operational hours
Fauzan Asrin | 941 Figure 17, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the page for adding operational hours gets a pass status, which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table 9 The added field appears in the Field list and there is a notification that the field was successfully added Accepted Table 9 the application can add fields proven in the katalon studio in Figure 18.

Figure 18. Field Addition Test case results
Figure 18, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the field addition page gets a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table 10.

Accepted
On Table 12 the application can add rental prices as evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure 21.

Figure 21. Test results for adding rental prices
On Figure 21, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can add rental prices to get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table 13.

Accepted
On Table 14 above the application can display detailed field booking data as evidenced in the studio catalog in Figure 23.15 the application can display the field booking schedule as evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure 24.

Choose a balance
Funds that have been withdrawn appear on the list of withdrawal of admin funds and there is a notification that the withdrawal of funds is successful Accepted On Table 16 above the application can withdraw funds as evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure 25.20 above the application can see the schedule and detailed prices for the futsal field as evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure 29. Figure 29, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can display detailed schedules and prices for the futsal field to get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table 21 22 the can fill in the futsal proof of payment data which is proven in the katalon studio in Figure 31.24 the application can download the ticket which is proven in the studio catalog in Figure 33.  Figure 34, from the results of testing using Katalon Studio, the page can see user and manager data get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.
Then do the test in Table 26.27 above the application can view booking details, change booking status, confirm payment and send funds as evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure 36.Figure 37, From the results of testing using Katalon Studio, the page can print reports to get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.and testing is complete.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Venue Detail Page Interface 3) Manager booking data testing Illustrating the testing focus further, we delve into the manager booking data page, with a prime example being the Manager Booking Detail Page Interface.Within this interface, the administrative user can seamlessly access and scrutinize a wealth of booking-related information.Notably, the Field Booking Data page facilitates the overview of booked futsal fields, revealing pivotal details such as the booking code, date of booking, status indicators, and the capacity to modify status.A salient feature of the field booking data page is the provision of a data search functionality, showcased prominently in Figure 4.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Fund Withdrawal Data Page Interface 5) Futsal field information testing Illustrating the breadth of the testing endeavor, we focus our attention on the futsal field information page, aptly represented by the Futsal Field Information.Within this context, the manager is empowered to delve into a comprehensive array of futsal field details.This includes essential insights like the available time slots within the field, along with the concurrent booking statuses during those periods.The visual depiction of the Field Detail Page is succinctly captured in Figure6.This aspect of the testing effort is integral to the comprehensive field booking process assessment.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Field Details Page interface

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Payment Confirmation Process Interface 7) Testing sending funds, testing reports Providing a concrete illustration within the testing context, our attention turns to the sending funds testing page, which pertains to the funds transmission process.Following the assessment of payment confirmation outcomes, the administrative user undertakes a crucial step.Based on the accuracy of the provided transfer evidence, the admin proceeds to modify the rental status.If the transfer proof is validated, the rental status is promptly updated to "Paid."Conversely, if the provided transfer proof is deemed incorrect, the admin adjusts the rental status to "Cancel."This pivotal process within the realm of field rental payment confirmation is exemplified in Figure8, encapsulating the interface that facilitates these essential steps.

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Field Lease Payment Confirmation Interface

Figure 9 .
Figure 9. Booking Report Detail Page Interface

Figure 13 .
Figure 13.Tenant login page test case results Figure 13, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the tenant login page gets a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in table 5 below.Tabel 5. Venue Addition Testing Id Description Testing Procedure Input Result Conclusion Pa_05 Testing whether the app can add venues On the manager page, select the add venue data menu.On the add venue data page, fill in the venue data Venue details Figure18, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the field addition page gets a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table10.Tabel 10.Testing Field Data Changes Id Description Testing Procedure Input Result Conclusion Pa_10 Test whether the application can change data fields On the management page, select the Data Venue menu.On the Venue Data page select the Edit feature, on the edit page select the field Field data that you want to replace The data replaced appeared on the field page and there was a notification that the field data was successfully edited Accepted

Figure 19 .
Figure 19.Test Case Results Changing Field Data Figure 19, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can change the field to get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table 11.Tabel 11.Field abolition testing Id Description Testing Procedure Input Result Conclusion Pa_11 Test whether the application can delete field On the management page, select the Data Venue menu.On the Venue Data page select the Edit feature, on the edit page select the field feature, on the field page select the delete field feature, then delete one of the fields Delete field The selected field was deleted from the Field List and displayed the Field notification successfully deleted Accepted

Figure 23 .
Figure 23.Test case Display Field Booking Data On Figure 23, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can display detailed field booking data to get a pass status which means acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table15.

Figure 24 .
Figure 24.Test case results display field booking schedulesFigure24, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can display the field booking schedule to get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table16.

Figure 25 .
Figure 25.The results of the fund withdrawal testing On Figure 25, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can withdraw funds and get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table 17.Tabel 17. Testing displays a history of withdrawing funds Id Description Testing Procedure

Figure 26 .
Figure 26.The test case results display a history of withdrawing funds On Figure 26, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can display a withdrawal of funds getting a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table18.

Figure 27 .
Figure 27.Futsal field search test case resultsFigure27, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can search for futsal fields to get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table19.

Figure 29 .
Figure 29.Futsal Field Detail Test Case Results

Figure 31 .
Figure 31.Proof of payment test resultsFigure31, From the results of testing using Katalon Studio, the page can fill in proof of payment data to get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table23.

Figure 33 .
Figure 33.Test results download ticket Figure 33, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can download tickets to get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test inTable 25.Tabel 25.Test Displays User and Manager Data Id Description Testing Procedure Input Result Conclusion Pa_25 Test whether the application can display data users and administrators On the admin page select the user and manager data menu then it will display a list of user and manager data Select the user and manager data menu Data user and manager Accepted

Figure 34 .
Figure 34.User and manager data test results

Tabel 26 .
Testing the addition, modification, and deletion of service fees the application can add, change, and delete service fees as evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure35.

Figure 35 .
Figure 35.User and manager data test resultsFigure34, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can add, change, delete service fees and get a pass status which means acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table28.

Figure 36 .
Figure 36.Testing Displays Booking DetailsFigure36, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page displays details of the booking getting a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table29.

Table
3.2 Create Test Cases, Testing Test Cases and ResultAligning seamlessly with the outlined test scenario design discussed earlier, the ensuing phase entails the meticulous creation of corresponding test cases as delineated below.Tabel 1. Site Access Test case results

Table
Then do the test in table 2 below.

Table 12 .
Figure20, from the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can delete fields and get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Tabel 12. Testing the addition of rental prices On Table13above the application can display field booking data as evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure22.
http://journal-isi.org/index.php/isie-ISSN:2656-4882944|BlackBoxTesting of Futsal Field Rental Information Systems Using Automated .....Figure 22. Test case Display Field Booking DataOn Figure22, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can display Field Booking Data to get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table14.Tabel 14. Testing Data Data Booking Field

Table 18
above the application can search for futsal fields as evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure27.

Table 19
the application can see the details of the futsal field as evidenced in the studio catalog in Figure28.Futsal Field Detail Test Case ResultsFigure28, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can display details of the futsal field getting a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table20.Test see the schedule and price of the futsal field

.
Tabel 21.Testing data filling for futsal field bookings Test case results fill in order data Figure30, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can fill in data for orders to get a pass status which means acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table22.Tabel 22. Testing proof of payment p-ISSN: 2656-5935 http://journal-isi.org/index.php/isie-ISSN:2656-4882 Fauzan Asrin | 949Figure 30.

Table 23 .
Tabel 23.Test See Successful Booking Detail DataOn Table23the application can display booking details as evidenced in the katalon studio in Figure32.Successful detailed booking test resultsFigure32, From the test results using Katalon Studio, the page can display booking details to get a pass status which means it is acceptable and as expected.Then do the test in Table24.Tabel 24.Ticket print test http://journal-isi.org/index.php/isie-ISSN: 2656-4882 950 | Black Box Testing of Futsal Field Rental Information Systems Using Automated .....

Table 28 .
Tabel 27.Admin field booking management testing

Table 29 .
Tabel 28.Test Print Manager and Admin Reports

Table 28
, the application can print reports as evidenced in the studio catalog in Figure37.